Evaluation of remedial options for a benzene-contaminated site through a simulation-based fuzzy-MCDA approach

► A simulation-based fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis (SFMCDA) method was proposed. ► A remediation simulation model (BIOPLUME III) was coupled with fuzzy TOPSIS. ► SFMCDA could help cost-risk tradeoff analysis for benzene-contaminated groundwater remediation under uncertainty.