کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
5856980 1131987 2013 16 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Changes in levels of biomarkers of exposure observed in a controlled study of smokers switched from conventional to reduced toxicant prototype cigarettes
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
تغییرات سطوح بیومارکرهای قرار گرفتن در معرض مشاهده شده در یک مطالعه کنترل شده سیگاریها از سیگنال نمونه اولیه به سمعک های معمولی تغییر یافته
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری علوم محیط زیست بهداشت، سم شناسی و جهش زایی
چکیده انگلیسی

Reduced toxicant prototype (RTP) cigarettes with substantially reduced levels of tobacco smoke toxicants have been developed. Evaluation of these prototype cigarettes included measurement of biomarkers of exposure (BoE) to toxicants in smokers switched from conventional cigarettes to the RTPs. A 6-week single-blinded randomised controlled study with occasional clinical confinement was conducted (Trial registration: ISRCTN7215735). All smoking subjects smoked a conventional cigarette for 2-weeks. Control groups continued to smoke the conventional cigarette while test groups switched to one of three RTP designs. Clinical confinement and additional assessments were performed for all smoking groups after 2 and 4-weeks. A non-smoker group provided background levels of BoE. On average, smokers switched to RTPs with reduced machine yields of toxicants had reduced levels of corresponding BoEs. For vapour phase toxicants such as acrolein and 1,3-butadiene reductions of ⩾70% were observed both in smoke chemistry and BoEs. Reductions in particulate phase toxicants such as tobacco-specific nitrosamines, aromatic amines and polyaromatic hydrocarbons depended upon the technologies used, but were in some cases ⩾80% although some increases in other particulate phase toxicants were observed. However, reductions in BoEs demonstrate that it is possible to produce prototype cigarettes that reduce exposure to toxicants in short-term use.

► Volunteer smokers switched to prototype cigarettes with reduced smoke toxicants. ► Clinical study design and urinary biomarkers used to monitor toxicant exposure. ► Significant reduction in exposure for many smoke toxicants. ► Smoke toxicant reductions good predictor of exposure reductions. ► Further work required to relate reduced exposure to reduced risk.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology - Volume 66, Issue 1, June 2013, Pages 147-162
نویسندگان
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