Xanthohumol induces phase II enzymes via Nrf2 in human hepatocytes in vitro

► Tumor-derived hepatocytes are more prone to the cytotoxic effects of xanthohumol. ► Xanthohumol promotes Nrf2 activation followed by the induction of phase II enzymes. ► Induction of HO-1 and GST may explain the antioxidative potential of xanthohumol. ► Xanthohumol elevates the expression of NQO1 and promotes p53 accumulation. ► The induction of cytoprotective enzymes may prevent liver damage in normal tissue.