Duration of effects of acute environmental changes on food anticipatory behaviour, feed intake, oxygen consumption, and cortisol release in Atlantic salmon parr

► We investigated stress responses of salmon parr to different acute stressors. ► Conditioned anticipatory behaviour for food can be used as a novel stress indicator in salmon parr. ► The anticipatory behaviour of parr differed from that of salmon post-smolt. ► Feed intake and anticipatory behaviour were sensitive stress indicators. ► We emphasize the use of behavioural parameters when assessing fish stress and welfare.