The effects of benzoic acid compounds in α-Al2O3 dispersions: Additional attractive forces of particle bridging and precipitate bridging

► Insoluble salicylic acid bridges particles and increases the maximum yield stress. ► 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzoic acid forms steric force even in the insoluble pH region. ► Intra-H bond in a small adsorbed additive is vital for an effective steric agent.