Theophylline regulates inflammatory and neurotrophic factor signals in functional recovery after C2-hemisection in adult rats

► Theophylline induces functional recovery. ► Theophylline induces TXNIP and IL-1β and suppresses iNOS in C3-C6 segments. ► Theophylline enhances expression BDNF, GDNF and Bcl2. ► Theophylline activates CREB and NFκB.