Social exclusion and punishment of excluders: Neural correlates and developmental trajectories

► Single-trial rejection events elicited activity in a broad network of regions. ► Social exclusion elicited increased activity in the subgenual ACC in 10-12 year olds. ► Social exclusion clearly affected subsequent fairness considerations. ► Punishment of excluders was associated with activity in the TPJ, STS and the vlPFC. ► Adults showed activity in the insula and dACC when making offers to the excluders.