Unique features of antiviral immune system of the vaginal mucosa

► Vagina is lined with stratified squamous epithelia with mucus and unique flora. ► Vaginal epithelial cells and innate leukocytes provide the first line of cellular defense. ► Local antibodies and T cells provide long-term protection in the vagina. ► Vagina entry and residency by effector T cells require unique homing properties. ► Long-term tissue-resident memory T cells are key for efficient vaccine.