Maintenance of small intestinal and colonic tolerance by IL-10-producing regulatory T cell subsets

► Regulatory T cells play a prominent role in maintaining mucosal tolerance in the intestine. ► Both Foxp3+ Tregs and Tr1 cells contribute to mucosal tolerance through production of IL-10. ► Mucosal tolerance is differentially regulated in the small intestine and colon. ► IL-10− and Foxp3− associated immune defects lead to chronic intestinal disease.