Innate lymphoid cells: critical regulators of allergic inflammation and tissue repair in the lung

► Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have recently been identified in human and mouse lung. ► Lung ILCs produce IL-5, IL-13, IL-9 and amphiregulin in response to IL-33 stimulation. ► ILC-derived IL-13 can promote allergic airway inflammation. ► Production of amphiregulin by lung ILCs mediates epithelial repair after lung damage. ► Targeting lung ILCs may provide improved immuno-therapies in human diseases.