Genetic modification of lymphocytes by retrovirus-based vectors

► The retroviral toolbox for lymphocyte modification is constantly expanding. ► Challenges associated with retrovirus-cell interactions still need to be addressed. ► Envelope modifications support the transduction of resting lymphocytes by lentiviral vectors. ► Modifications to the integration pattern and transgene design address the risk of insertional mutagenesis. ► Further modifications in cargo design, often using synthetic bricks, may increase potency and safety.