Repeated immune and non immune insults to the graft after heart transplantation

► Rejection in heart transplantation: focus on hyper-acute, acute and chronic rejection. ► Mechanisms of rejection and a particular focus on endothelial involvement. ► Immunological factors in heart transplantation: histocompatibility and HLA-antibodies. ► Non immunological factors in heart transplantation such as infections, ischemia time and malignancies. ► Therapeutic approaches in heart transplantation.