Urine heme dipsticks are useful in monitoring the impact of Praziquantel treatment on Schistosoma haematobium in sentinel communities of Delta State, Nigeria

► We monitored impact of annual Praziquantel for Schistosoma haematobium in Delta State, Nigeria. ► Cross-sectional surveys of school children conducted at baseline and after 2 years. ► Compared three assessments of hematuria to determine the need for mass treatment. ► Following treatment, dipstick prevalence of hematuria decreased by 88.5% (p < 0.001). ► History and NVD failed to identify all communities in need of treatment.