The microbial ecology of wine grape berries

► Yeasts and other microbiota (bacteria, moulds) of grapes are reviewed. ► Grape health status is the main factor affecting the microbial ecology of grapes, increasing both microbial numbers and species diversity. ► Accurate berry sampling is essential to understand grape microbial ecology. ► Microbial dissemination and persistence during the annual vineplant cycle is discussed.