Accurate sampling of PCDD/F in high temperature flue-gas using cooled sampling probes

► Rapid quenching minimized PCDD/Fs formation during high temperature sampling. ► At 700 °C the sub-zero probe quenched the flue gases quicker than the original probe. ► At 700 °C PCDD/Fs formation occurred in the original probe during flue gas sampling. ► At 400 °C equal quenching efficiencies were observed for both probes.