Ecological transfer of radionuclides and metals to free-living earthworm species in natural habitats rich in NORM

► Transfer of radionuclides (232Th, 238U) and metals (As, Cr, Cd and Pb) from soil to earthworms was investigated. ► Individual organisms' variability and species specific accumulation were demonstrated. ► Results suggested that earthworms could survive in habitats with multiple contaminants. ► Estimated radiological risk was not significant despite high soil concentrations of radionuclides.