کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
6352565 | 1622567 | 2014 | 10 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Greenhouse gas emissions from production chain of a cigarette manufacturing industry in Pakistan
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای از زنجیره تولید یک صنعت تولید سیگار در پاکستان
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کلمات کلیدی
IPCCKilo watt hourGWHEmissions factorCO2ePTCBATCFPMCFCSRDOCGHGLPGCNGGWPGLT - GrlatLCA - ارزیابی چرخه حیاتLife Cycle Assessment - ارزیابی چرخه عمر یا چرخه حیاتGreenhouse gas emissions - انتشار گازهای گلخانه ایTobacco - توتون و تنباکوBritish American Tobacco - توتون و تنباکو انگلیسی آمریکاییKhyber Pakhtunkhwa - خیبر پختونخواCarbon footprints - رد کربنWorld Health Organization - سازمان بهداشت جهانیNGOs - سازمان های غیر دولتیnon-governmental organizations - سازمان های غیر دولتیWorld Business Council for Sustainable Development - شورای جهانی تجارت برای توسعه پایدارCorporate social responsibility - مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکتی Carbon dioxide equivalent - معادل دی اکسید کربنIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - هیات بین دولتی در مورد تغییرات اقلیمیglobal warming potential - پتانسیل گرمایش جهانیWHO - کهkWh - کیلووات ساعتliquefied petroleum gas - گاز مایع شدهGreenhouse gas - گاز گلخانه ای
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری
علوم محیط زیست
بهداشت، سم شناسی و جهش زایی
چکیده انگلیسی
This study quantified greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the Pakistan Tobacco Company (PTC) production using a life cycle approach. The PTC production chain comprises of two phases: agricultural activities (Phase I) and industrial activities (Phase II). Data related to agricultural and industrial activities of PTC production chain were collected through questionnaire survey from tobacco growers and records from PTC manufacturing units. The results showed that total GHG emissions from PTC production chain were 44,965, 42,875, and 43,839 tCO2e respectively in 2009, 2010, and 2011. Among the agricultural activities, firewood burning for tobacco curing accounted for about 3117, 3565, and 3264 tCO2e, fertilizer application accounted for 754, 3251, and 4761 tCO2e in 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. Among the industrial activities, fossil fuels consumption in stationary sources accounted for 15,582, 12,733, and 13,203 tCO2e, fossil fuels used in mobile sources contributed to 2693, 3038, and 3260 tCO2e, and purchased electricity consumed resulted in 15,177, 13,556, and 11,380 tCO2e in 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. The GHG emissions related to the transportation of raw materials and processed tobacco amounted to 6800, 6301, and 7317 respectively in 2009, 2010, and 2011. GHG emissions from energy use in the industrial activities constituted the largest emissions (i.e., over 80%) of GHG emissions as PTC relies on fossil fuels and fossil fuel based electrical power in industrial processes. The total emissions of carbon footprint (CFP) from PTC production were 0.647 tCO2e per million cigarettes produced in 2009, 0.675 tCO2e per million cigarettes in 2010 and 0.59 tCO2e per million cigarettes in 2011. Potential strategies for GHG emissions reductions for PTC production chain include energy efficiency, reducing reliance on fossil fuels in non-mobile sources, adoption of renewable fuels including solar energy, energy from crop residues, and promotion of organic fertilizers.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Environmental Research - Volume 134, October 2014, Pages 81-90
Journal: Environmental Research - Volume 134, October 2014, Pages 81-90
نویسندگان
Majid Hussain, Syed Mujtaba Hasnian Zaidi, Riffat Naseem Malik, Benktesh Dash Sharma,