Tailoring properties of platinum supported catalysts by irreversible adsorbed adatoms toward ethanol oxidation for direct ethanol fuel cells

- Ethanol oxidation on Pt/C catalysts modified by irreversibly adsorbed Bi and Sb.
- Both adatoms increase the catalytic activity of Pt toward ethanol oxidation.
- Differences on the product distribution were found for the two adatoms.
- Bi has a third body effect for the poison formation at the surface.
- Sb enhances ethanol oxidation by a bifunctional mechanism.