Dual-step thermal engineering technique: A new approach for fabrication of efficient CH3NH3PbI3-based perovskite solar cell in open air condition

- The fabrication procedure of perovskite solar cell in one-step spin coating technique has been modified by incorporating a heating step to substrate before spin coating and a new fabrication method called duel step thermal engineering has been developed.
- Highly compacted perovskite film was formed in the hot substrate through the epitaxial growth process.
- Intrinsic role played by the heat energy before spin coating for dual-step thermal engineering.