Regeneration dynamics of non-native northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) populations as influenced by environmental factors: A case study in managed hardwood forests of southwestern Germany

► We evaluated the regeneration dynamics of non-native Quercus rubra populations. ► Abundance and height of oak seedlings surpassed all native tree species combined. ► Seedling density was influenced by soil chemistry, stand structure and thinning. ► Q. rubra has the potential for prolific regeneration in the non-native range.