Hybrid adsorbents of tannin and APTES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) and their application for the highly efficient removal of acid red 1 dye from aqueous solutions

Effect of temperature and thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption processes of AR-1 onto tannin materials are dependent on temperature and are exothermic and spontaneous. With regards to the applicability of the adsorbents for treating simulated effluents, they showed an excellent outcome confirming their high-efficiency for dye adsorption.