SSI effects on seismic demand of reinforced concrete moment resisting frames

Differences in the soil properties, the seismic design level of the structures and the modeling technique of SSI effects are reflected as reduction in the seismic demand with respect to a fixed-base model, up to 50% in maximum inter-story drift ratio and up to 20% in maximum base shear for the complete FE model and up to 20% in both maximum base shear and maximum inter-story drift ratio for the simplified BNWF model.