Study of the energy absorption performance of an axial splitting component for anchor bolts under static loading

The large deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock of a high-stress mining roadway were studied during the period of frequent occurrences of micro-seismic events. Furthermore, axial splitting energy-absorbing components for anchor bolts were designed to allow anchor bolts to adapt to a large deformation of the surrounding rock in deep roadways and effectively prevent rock bursts. The application mode and working principle of the components of the anchor bolts were preliminarily studied. The mechanical properties and energy absorption effect of the components with different parameters under a quasi-static load in three test groups, namely, “28-2,” “26-3,” and “26-4,” were experimentally investigated. The results showed that the axial splitting component deformed stably, producing symmetrical strips with good repeatability and controllability. A constant axial load, ranging from 34.90 kN to 132.92 kN between different components in the tests, was observed with a long stroke after a short fluctuant load. The energy absorption performance of the specimens was assessed by calculating the energy absorption efficiency (EAE) and stroke efficiency (SE). The fluctuant axial load could be eliminated by preliminary treatment, improving the SE to approximately 90%. The effective splitting length of the component was emphasized as an important index to observe some dynamic supporting parameters in real time. The axial splitting component was demonstrated as an ideal energy absorber for energy-absorbing anchor bolts.