Lipase B from Candida antarctica binds to hydrophobic substrate–water interfaces via hydrophobic anchors surrounding the active site entrance

Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB) has been extensively studied over the past decades and has proved to be an efficient catalyst for various industrial and scientific applications. Because of its ability to hydrolyse soluble and insoluble substrates and the lack of a classical interfacial activation it was previously characterized as an intermediate between a lipase and an esterase. We show by molecular dynamics simulation in full atomistic detail that CALB attaches and binds to a hydrophobic tributyrin–water interface via three hydrophobic anchor regions defined by Leu 147, Leu 219, and Val 272 surrounding the entrance to the active site. These regions trigger the reorientation of the protein via hydrophobic interactions even when the protein impacts at the surface in a non-optimal orientation. During the binding process the flexible helix α5 undergoes a movement of 7.5 Å towards the substrate layer. Though tributyrin has no net charge a long-range attraction between interface and protein was observed up to a separation of 7 Å that corresponds to the amplitude of the fluctuations of the tributyrin surface. A stable binding of the protein with the active site oriented towards the active site was observed for several hundreds of nanoseconds in total. During that time, single tributyrin molecules moved from the tributyrin layer into the substrate binding site of CALB and were temporarily binding as productive sn3-complexes.

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► Simulation of binding of a lipase to a tributyrin surface at full atomistic detail.
► CALB attaches via three hydrophobic anchor regions (Leu 147, Leu 219, Val 272).
► A stable binding with the active site oriented towards the interface was observed.
► Upon binding, helix α5 moved by 7.5 Å towards the substrate layer.
► Single tributyrin molecules moved into the substrate binding site of CALB.