Choice of insulation standard for pipe networks in 4th generation district heating systems

The methodology presented consists of a techno-economic analysis in two steps. In the first step, a DH grid model is used to assess the reduction in grid losses by implementing different pipe insulation standards. In the second step, the specific grid losses found in the first step are analysed in an integrated energy systems model where all main energy sectors and their interrelations are included. The outcome of the study can provide decision support when planning investments in DH systems today and in the future. The results from the case of Denmark shows that pipes with higher insulation standard (series 3) is generally preferable, but the highest insulation standard available today (series 4) might be preferable in the future if fuel prices or increase or investment costs decrease.