Kinetics of the hydrothermal treatment of tannin for producing carbonaceous microspheres

- Kinetics of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of tannin were determined.
- A first order reaction controls carbonaceous microspheres production by HTC.
- Activation energy equal to 91 kJ/mol was evidenced.
- Microspheres had a diameter lower than 5 μm and a surface area lower than 10 m2 g−1.
- Microspheres had constant composition, whatever the experimental conditions.