The formation of energetic composites by embedding multi-nitro organic molecules in an ordered mesoporous carbon

Energetic composites are synthesized by the self-assembly of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (PA) in nanometer scale channels of a highly ordered mesoporous carbon (FDU-15). The self-assembly induced by solvent evaporation at high temperature is investigated. The process is believed to be not possible in familiar low-boiling point solvent at room temperature. Hydrogen bonds are speculated to be the main driving force. Complete impregnation can be achieved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone at 100–110 °C, which optimizes the interaction of organic molecule with matrix, and the maximum loading amount is around 42.8 wt.%. Structural characterization is provided by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, N2 sorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The formation of a new metastable phase of PA is supported by wide-angle XRD and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results, and it is believed that this phase can only be stable in confined conditions. DSC and thermogravimetry results demonstrate that the melting point of the composite with 42.8% PA is lower and its thermal decomposition rate is faster compared with those of pure PA and their physical mixtures.

Mesostructured surfactant/polymer was calcined at 600 °C to form the template-free FDU-15, and the self-assembly of PA was facilitated through solvent evaporation method to form PA/FDU-15 composites.Figure optionsDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights
► Host–guest energetic composites were prepared by the self-assembly of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol in confined conditions.
► Energetic organic compounds were embedded in the mesoporous carbon FDU-15.
► Complete impregnation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol was achieved at 100–110 °C.
► The formation of a new metastable phase of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol is observed.
► Composites showed a lower melting point and a faster thermal decomposition rate compared with pure PA.