Multi-objective optimization for short distance trips in an urban area: choosing between motor vehicle or cycling mobility for a safe, smooth and less polluted route

The methodology of this study was applied based on the real world case study in the city of Aveiro, Portugal. The present work uses a microscopic simulation platform of traffic (VISSIM), road safety (SSAM) and emissions (Vehicle Specific Power - VSP) to analyze traffic operations, road conflicts and to estimate carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions. Three-dimensional Pareto Fronts, which were expressed through traffic performance, road conflicts between motor vehicles and bicycles and emissions, were optimized using the fast Non-Dominated Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II).