Solid-state chemiluminescence assay for ultrasensitive detection of antimony using on-vial immobilization of CdSe quantum dots combined with liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction

- Solid-state chemiluminescence based on CdSe QDs was developed.
- QDs immobilization in a vial was achieved in a simple and fast way.
- Antimony detection was achieved by inhibition of the CdSe QDs/H2O2 CL reaction.
- LLLME allowed improving the selectivity and sensitivity of the CL assay.
- The capping ligand played a critical role in the selectivity of the CL system.