Conformation-dependent scFv antibodies specifically recognize the oligomers assembled from various amyloids and show colocalization of amyloid fibrils with oligomers in patients with amyloidoses

► The oligomer-specific scFv antibodies recognize oligomers of various amyloid. ► The scFv inhibited fibrillization and cytotoxicity of various amyloids. ► The scFvs disaggregated preformed amyloid fibrils. ► The scFvs recognized the amyloid oligomers in the tissues of patients. ► Most amyloid fibril deposits were colocalized with oligomers in the tissues.