Calendula L. species polyphenolic profile and in vitro antifungal activity

The knowledge on the metabolic machinery from C. arvensis, C. suffruticosa subsp. algarbiensis and lusitanica growing in Portugal is herein broadened using UHPLC-MS/MS. Phenolic acids, flavonoids and saponins were identified, some being firstly reported both in the species and genus. The antimicrobial potential of these species was assessed against several fungus and bacteria, strong activity against dermatophytes was observed. C. suffruticosa subsp. algarbiensis showed the best results especially against the two strains of Microsporum. The demonstrated antimicrobial activity and the richness in phenolic compounds reinforces that other Calendula species can be regarded as interesting ingredients to be included on the formulation of smart foods and/or natural medicines.