Simple and suitable immunosensor for β-lactam antibiotics analysis in real matrixes: Milk, serum, urine

- A selective and sensitive amperometric immunosensor for penicillin G and β-lactam antibiotic operating in real samples was developed.
- LOD was of the order of 10−11 M and the Kaff value about 108 M−1.
- The immunosensor displayed a satisfactory selectivity toward different classes of antibiotics.
- The immunosensor was used to test β-lactam pool recovery in cow milk, human serum and urine and pharmaceuticals formulations.