Assistance médicale à la procréation : techniques actuelles et nouveaux horizons

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) gather all the techniques allowing the first reproductive steps outside natural process, mainly represented by the intrauterine insemination, the in vitro fertilization (classical-IVF or with sperm microinjection-[ICSI]), and the frozen embryo transfer. In addition, these techniques can notably group: donor program, natural cycle, prolonged culture, IMSI (Intracytoplasmic Morphologically selected Sperm Injection) and viral risk context. The purpose of this article is to describe process and indications of the main techniques used, and to address some innovative and promising techniques such as the time-lapse system, oocyte in vitro maturation, PGS (Preimplantation Genetic Screening of Aneuploidies) which will certainly improve ART results while limiting risks of multiple pregnancy.