Analysis of quinolone antibiotic derivatives in sewage sludge samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Comparison of the efficiency of three extraction techniques

► Determination of quinolone residues in sewage sludge samples by LC-MS/MS. ► Comparison of PLE, USE and MAE as extraction techniques for antibiotics from sludge. ► PLE, USE and MAE are accurately optimized using design of experiments. ► The three methods offer accurate and precise determination of the target quinolones. ► Validation of the methods: quality parameters, accuracy (trueness and precision).