Finite element prediction of crack formation induced by quenching in a forged valve

Quenching treatment is commonly used to improve the mechanical properties of steel components. However, in these components, quench cracks are often observed as a result of improper material choice and thermal treatment process. Prediction of quench cracks is important to reduce production cost and to prevent in-service component failure; however, a generally accepted criterion for their formation has to be still established. In this study, finite element prediction of crack formation induced by quenching in a forged valve used in the offshore oil drilling field, is performed by means of the commercial finite element software Abaqus®. Microstructures (austenite, martensite, bainite, pearlite and ferrite) which can be formed during the thermal treatment are taken into account. The simulation results, compared with the effects of the quenching on the actual component, indicate that this type of simulation can effectively predict the quench cracks formation in 3D components.

► Prediction of quench cracks is important to prevent in-service component failure.
► Microstructures formed during the thermal treatment are taken into account.
► Quench crack nucleation and propagation is predicted by extended finite element analysis.
► Good agreement between the predicted and the actual crack.