High-water-content mouldable polyvinyl alcohol-borax hydrogels reinforced by well-dispersed cellulose nanoparticles: Dynamic rheological properties and hydrogel formation mechanism

- High-water-content mouldable cellulose nanoparticle-PVA-borax hydrogels are in situ synthesized.
- Well-dispersed CNPs significantly reinforces hydrogels.
- Free-standing hydrogels exhibit self-recovery and thermo-reversibility.
- Cellulose nanoparticles act as crosslinker and nanofiller for bridging 3D-network.
- Describe mechanism for multi-complexation within hydrogel.