Three new energetic compounds based on 1-amino-2-nitroguanidine (ANQ): Synthesis, crystal structure and properties

Three new derivatives of ANQ, 1-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-2-nitroguanidine (DNNG), 1-(2,4,6-trinitroanilino)-2-nitroguanidine (TNNG) and 1-amino-2-nitroguanidine-3,5-dinitrosalicylic salt (ANQ·DNS), were synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution reaction and salt formation reaction. Single crystal structures of TNNG and ANQ·DNS·3H2O were determined. TNNG crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P21/c containing four molecules per unit cell, and ANQ·DNS·3H2O crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system with space group P-1 containing two ANQ·DNS·3H2O units per unit cell. The thermal behaviors, impact sensitivities and detonation properties of the three compounds were studied. DNNG and TNNG possess similar thermal behaviors and both present only one intense exothermic decomposition process at around 170 °C, but ANQ·DNS shows more complex thermal behaviors. ANQ·DNS possesses the lowest impact sensitivity (>40 J), DNNG presents the highest thermal stability (175 °C), and TNNG shows the best detonation properties (detonation velocity = 8.3 km s−1, detonation pressure = 31.1 GPa). TNNG has potential value of research and application as a primary explosive.