Induction of DNA double-strand breaks in human gingival fibroblasts by eluates from titanium dioxide modified glass ionomer cements

Neither GIC nor 10% TiO2-modified GICs had a genotoxic effect on HGFs. Both TiO2NPsGIC and TiO2MPsGIC demonstrated less genotoxic effect than GIC. When comparing between the two modified cements, there was no genotoxic difference between the modified cements from different particle sizes (nanoparticle and micro-particle) of TiO2.