Aging effect of Mn-doped Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO3 ceramics

In this work, to investigate the aging effect of perovskite ferroelectrics, lead-free Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO3 (BCT), (Ba0.77Ca0.23)0.99Mn0.01TiO3 (BCT-A), and Ba0.77Ca0.23Ti0.99Mn0.01O3 (BCT-B) ceramics were prepared. The aging effect on the ferroelectric, piezoelectric and dielectric properties were investigated. The present study shows that the substituted sites in BCT have significant influence on the aging effect. Double hysteresis loop is observed in B-site substituted BCT-B ceramics. However, no obvious aging effect is obtained in the BCT-A ceramics. The aging in the poled BCT-B can increase the Curie temperature, mechanical quality factor, and decrease the piezoelectric constant, electromechanical coupling coefficient, dielectric loss and dielectric constant. The aging mechanism is explained in this study.