Titania nanocomposite thin films with enhanced photovoltaic efficiency: Effects of Ti-alkoxide sol and compact layer

►Enhancing photovoltaic efficiency for titania nanocomposite films. ►Addition of Ti-alkoxide sol or a compact layer. ►Titania nanoparticles promote photoelectron generation and facilitate electron transport. ►Aggregation of titania particles or a compact layer enhances photovoltaic efficiency.