Achievement of 27% efficient and 200 Wp concentrator module and the technological roadmap toward realization of more than 31% efficient modules

A 400× and 7056 cm2 concentrator module was fabricated from 36 concentrator receivers, connected in series and with the same number of newly developed dome-shape Fresnel lenses. The averaged outdoor efficiency on a clear sky day was 26.8±1.5% (25C STC). This is the highest module efficiency achieved to date using a module of practical size and electrical rating. The heat was dissipated by the module wall and no heat sinks nor external cooling were used. A glass homogenizer was introduced to give uniform illumination to the square cell, and afforded a reasonable assembly tolerance, without the need for optical alignment.