Implementing multi objective genetic algorithm for life cycle carbon footprint and life cycle cost minimisation: A building refurbishment case study

Results show that utilizing MOGA has the potential to reduce the refurbishment LCCF and LCC. Findings emphasize the life-cycle impacts of insulating thermal bridges and the importance of using different heating systems and fuels. Finally, in comparing LCA with more commonly used performance-based decision-making design procedures, the study highlights that employing these distinctive methods can lead to different design solutions.