What is the underestimation of radiation dose to the pediatric thyroid gland from contrast enhanced CT, if contrast medium uptake is not taken into account?

The radiation dose to the pediatric thyroid from CECT exposure may be underestimated by up to 44% if contrast medium uptake is not taken into account. Meticulous demarcation of imaged volume in pediatric chest CT examinations is imperative to avoid unnecessary direct exposure of thyroid, especially in CT examinations following intravenous administration of contrast medium.