Regulation of autophagy and apoptosis in response to angiotensin II in HL-1 cardiomyocytes

Exposure to Ang II, a mediator of anoxic injury, initiates a rapid autophagy response, perhaps in an attempt to protect tissues from the impending noxious effects. However, when anoxia (and thereby release of Ang II) is prolonged, the process of apoptosis dominates. These processes will determine the outcome of cardiomyocyte well-being in states of hypoxia.