The lipopeptide toxins anabaenolysin A and B target biological membranes in a cholesterol-dependent manner

► We describe the effect of two novel natural lipopeptides, anabaenolysin A and B. ► Abl A and B completely lyse the membrane of mammalian cells, but leave the mitochondria intact. ► Abl A is a more potent haemolysin than digitonin and surfactin. ► Abl A permeabilises membranes in a cholesterol-dependent manner. ► Abl A and B show a structural similarity to digitonin.