Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein induces macrophage endoplasmic reticulum stress via toll-like receptor 4

►Mm-LDL induces lipid accumulation in macrophages with increased FC in ER. ►Mm-LDL stimulates ERS mediated by ATF6 and IRE1 in time and dose-dependent manner. ►TLR4 mediates the ERS response induced by mm-LDL.