Nephroprotection through the Akt/eNOS pathway by centrally administered erythropoietin in a rat model of fixed-volume hemorrhage

In conclusion, centrally administered EPO reduced pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress indices in the kidney and reduced apoptosis by activation of the Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. Hence, it can be hypothesized that EPO may play a major role in the central regulation of renal system as a neuromodulator.