Detection of urothelial carcinoma, upper tract urothelial carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, and urothelial carcinoma with gross hematuria using selected urine-DNA methylation biomarkers: A prospective, single-center study

The selected urine-DNA methylation biomarkers are reliable, noninvasive, and cost-effective diagnostic tools for bladder carcinoma and UTUC, especially among patients with gross hematuria.