Techniques to Form a Suitable Lipiodol-Epirubicin Emulsion by Using 3-Way Stopcock Methods in Transarterial Chemoembolization for Liver Tumor

The ratio of epirubicin to Lipiodol is a significant factor to form water-in-oil emulsions with higher viscosity. The percentage of water-in-oil is limited to 70% using current pumping techniques. The pumping speed strongly influences droplet size and viscosity.