Auto-immunité thyroïdienne et polyendocrinopathies : intérêt des auto-anticorps antithyroïdiens

Isolated autoimmune thyroiditis is very common, but thyroiditis could also be part of polyglandular syndromes. The most frequent autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS), type 2 (APS2), is polygenic. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1 or auto-immune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy [APECED]) and Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) are both rare monogenic diseases. Autoimmune thyroiditis could also be a component of Down and Turner syndromes. In all these diseases, thyroperoxydase, thyroglobulin and TSH-receptor antibodies could be found, and their predictive value is reviewed here.